Alpini Battalion "Tirano"

Last updated
Alpini Battalion "Tirano"
Battaglione Alpini "Tirano"
CoA mil ITA btg alpini tirano.png
Battalion coat of arms
Active1 Nov. 1886 - 8 September 1943
1 January 1953 - 27 March 1991 [1]
Country Italy
Branch Italian Army
Type Alpini
Part of Alpine Brigade "Orobica"
Garrison/HQ Mals
Motto(s)"Mai tardi!" [1]
Anniversaries26 January 1943 - Battle of Nikolajewka [1]
Decorations Cavaliere BAR.svg Valor militare gold medal BAR.svg Valor militare gold medal BAR.svg Valor civile bronze medal BAR.svg BenemerenzaSiculo1908.png
1x Military Order of Italy
2x Gold Medals of Military Valor
1x Bronze Medal of Civil Valor
1x Medal of Merit for the 1908 Messina earthquake [1]
Insignia
Alpini gorget patches
Mostrina - Alpini.png
Mostrina - Alpini.png

The Alpini Battalion "Tirano" (Italian : Battaglione Alpini "Tirano") is an inactive battalion of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. [2]

Contents

History

The battalion was raised on 1 November 1886 by renaming Alpini Battalion "Valtellina" of the 5th Alpini Regiment. The battalion's name, like the names of all Alpini battalions raised before World War I, was the name of the location of the battalion's depot; in the Tirano's case the village of Tirano in the Valtellina valley. As with all Alpini battalions the recruits for the battalions were drafted exclusively from the area surrounding the depot. The battalion consisted of the 46th, 48th and 49th Alpini companies. [2] [3]

The Italian Army in Russia's retreat to Nikolayevka Ritirata ARMIR 1.jpeg
The Italian Army in Russia's retreat to Nikolayevka

The Tirano battalion's history is intertwined with the history of the 5th Alpini Regiment, with which it served in World War I and in World War II. During the latter the regiment was part of the 2nd Alpine Division "Tridentina" and served in the Greco-Italian War and as part of the Italian Army in Russia on the Eastern Front, where regiment and battalion barely escaped annihilation during the Battle of Nikolayevka in January 1943. For its conduct during the two campaigns the 5th Alpini Regiment was awarded two Gold Medals of Military Valor. [1] [2]

After the defeat of the Italian Army in Russia 150 survivors of the Tirano were repatriated in spring 1943 and garrisoned in the village of Mühlbach in South Tyrol. After the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 5th Alpini Regiment its battalions were disbanded by the Germans. [2]

Cold War

After World War II the 5th Alpini Regiment was reformed on 1 January 1953, in the city of Meran with the battalions "Tirano" and "Edolo" as the infantry component of the Alpine Brigade "Orobica". During the 1975 army reform the 5th Alpini Regiment was disbanded on 30 November 1975 and its battalions came under the direct command of the Orobica. As the traditions and war flag of the 5th Alpini Regiment were assigned to the "Morbegno" battalion, the Tirano was granted a new war flag on 12 November 1976 by decree 846 of the President of the Italian Republic Giovanni Leone. [4] The two Gold Medals of Military Valor and the Messina earthquake Medal of Merit awarded to the 5th Alpini Regiment, were duplicated for the new flag of the Tirano, and the Bronze Medal of Civil Valor awarded to the Tirano for its work after the Gleno Dam disaster was transferred from the flag of the 5th Alpini to the Tirano's flag. The battalion's structure on 1 December 1975 was as follows: [2]

  • CoA mil ITA btg alpini tirano.png Alpini Battalion "Tirano", in Mals [5]
    • Nappina rossa.png 46th Alpini Company, in Glurns
    • Nappina rossa.png 48th Alpini Company, in Mals
    • Nappina rossa.png 49th Alpini Company, in Glurns
    • Nappina rossa.png 109th Mortar Company, in Mals

The battalion's task in case of war with the Warsaw Pact was to defend the Reschen Pass.

With the end of the Cold War the Italian Army began to downsize its forces and on 27 March 1991 the Tirano was disbanded and its flag transferred to the shrine of the flags at the Vittoriano in Rome. [2] [1]

Sources

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1st Alpini Regiment</span> Military unit

The 1st Alpini Regiment is an active unit of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. The unit is based in Turin in Piedmont and operationally assigned to the Alpine Brigade "Taurinense".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4th Alpini Paratroopers Regiment</span> Military unit

The 4th Alpini Paratroopers Regiment is a ranger type special operations forces of the Italian Army, specializing in air assault, artillery observer, cold-weather warfare, direct action, forward air control, HUMINT, irregular warfare, ISTAR, long-range penetration, maneuver warfare, medical evacuation on mountain, military intelligence, mountain combat search and rescue, mountain rescue, mountain warfare, parachuting, special operation behind enemy lines, special reconnaissance, tactical emergency medical services, tracking targets on mountain, and urban warfare. The regiment is one of three regiments of the Army Special Forces Command. The regiment is a unit of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. The 4th Alpini Paratroopers Regiment is one of the most decorated units of the Italian Army, although its two Gold Medals of Military Valour were awarded to the regiment's currently inactive Alpini Battalion "Aosta", respectively the currently active Skiers Battalion "Monte Cervino".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5th Alpini Regiment</span> Military unit

The 5th Alpini Regiment is a regiment of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. The regiment is based in Sterzing and assigned to the Alpine Brigade "Julia".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">6th Alpini Regiment</span> Military unit

The 6th Alpini Regiment is a training regiment of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. The regiment is based in Bruneck and assigned to the Alpine Training Center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">7th Alpini Regiment</span> Military unit

The 7th Alpini Regiment is a regiment of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">8th Alpini Regiment</span> Military unit

The 8th Alpini Regiment is a regiment of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. As of 2022 the regiment is assigned to the Alpine Brigade "Julia" and based in the city of Venzone in Italy's northeast.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">9th Alpini Regiment</span> Military unit

The 9th Alpini Regiment is a regiment of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. Based in the city of L'Aquila in Abruzzo the regiment is operationally assigned to the Alpine Brigade "Taurinense".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">11th Alpini Regiment</span> Military unit

The 11th Alpini Regiment is an inactive regiment of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">12th Alpini Regiment</span> Military unit

The 12th Alpini Regiment is an inactive regiment of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. First formed on 15 February 1936 to command the units of the 7th Alpini Regiment, which remained in Italy and did not participate in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, the regiment was disbanded on 1 July 1937 upon the 7th Alpini Regiment's return to Italy. Formed again on 8 August 1992 as unit of the Alpine Brigade "Cadore", the regiment was inactivated on 31 January 1997.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">18th Alpini Regiment</span> Military unit

The 18th Alpini Regiment is an inactive regiment of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">16th Alpini Regiment</span> Military unit

The 16th Alpini Regiment is an inactive regiment of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">15th Alpini Regiment</span> Military unit

The 15th Alpini Regiment is an inactive regiment of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">14th Alpini Regiment</span> Military unit

The 14th Alpini Regiment is an active unit of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mechanized Brigade "Aosta"</span> Military unit

The Mechanized Brigade "Aosta" is a mechanized infantry brigade of the Italian Army based on the island of Sicily. The Brigade is one of the oldest of the Italian Army and the name connects the brigade to its original area of recruitment the Aosta Valley and therefore the brigade's coat of arms is modeled after the coat of arms of Aosta. The brigade is part of the Division "Acqui".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpini and mountain artillery formations in World War I</span>

The Alpini are a specialised mountain warfare infantry corps of the Italian Army, which distinguished itself in World War I fighting in the Alps against Austro-Hungarian Kaiserjäger and the German Alpenkorps. The Alpini were supported by the Mountain Artillery, which both share the Cappello Alpino as identifying symbol. Below follow tables listing the regiments, battalions and groups, companies and batteries of the Alpini and Mountain Artillery active in World War I.

With the 1975 reforms the Italian Army abolished the regimental level and replaced it with brigades made up of multiple arms. During the reform the army disbanded 48 regimental commands and reduced its force by 87 battalions. A further ten regimental commands were used to raise ten new brigade commands. Ten training centers, which for traditional reasons had carried the names of regiments, were also disbanded. The reduction in units also allowed to mechanize most of the remaining units in Northern Italy and Italy's defense strategy changed from a hold-at-all-costs territorial defense to one of mobile warfare.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5th Engineer Regiment (Italy)</span> Engineering regiment of the Italian Army

The 5th Engineer Regiment is a combat engineer regiment of the Italian Army based in Macomer in Sardinia. Today the regiment is the engineer unit of the Mechanized Brigade "Sassari".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpini Battalion "Val Chiese"</span> Military unit

The Alpini Battalion "Val Chiese" is an inactive battalion of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpini Battalion "Val Brenta"</span> Military unit

The Alpini Battalion "Val Brenta" is an inactive battalion of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpini Battalion "Val Tagliamento"</span> Military unit

The Alpini Battalion "Val Tagliamento" is an inactive battalion of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Le Feste dei Reparti - Gennaio". Italian Army. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Battaglione Alpini Tirano". vecio.it. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  3. "Tirano". Fronte del Piave. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  4. "Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 12 novembre 1976, n. 846". Quirinale - Presidenza della Repubblica. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  5. F. dell'Uomo, R. Puletti (1998). L'Esercito Italiano verso il 2000 - Vol. Primo - Tomo I. Rome: SME - Ufficio Storico. p. 473.